“全國(guó)衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)外語(yǔ)水平考試:同位語(yǔ)從句”相信是準(zhǔn)備全國(guó)衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)外語(yǔ)水平考試的朋友比較關(guān)注的事情,為此,醫(yī)學(xué)教育網(wǎng)小編整理內(nèi)容如下:
同位語(yǔ)從句
(1)理論常識(shí)
同位語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)其前面的抽象名詞(例如:idea , insistence , instruction , order , plan , proposal等)進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明,被解釋說(shuō)明的詞和同位語(yǔ)在邏輯上是主表關(guān)系。同位語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)一定是先行詞加引導(dǎo)詞加上從句的構(gòu)成,that并不是僅有的可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞,whether , why , who . 從句一定要具有完整的句子結(jié)構(gòu),主謂賓都必須齊全,引導(dǎo)詞不充當(dāng)任何成分。
常見(jiàn)先行詞:
belief , fact , hope , idea , doubt , news , rumor , conclusion , evidence ,suggestion , problem , order , answer , decision , discovery , explanation , information , knowledge , law , opinion , truth , promise , report , thought , statement , rule , possibility .
(2)題舉例
例句1:The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor,the idea goes,and they'd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in.
重點(diǎn)詞匯及短語(yǔ):
loyal adj. 忠實(shí)的,忠誠(chéng)的 ≠ disloyal;be loyal to 對(duì)……忠誠(chéng)
loyalty n. 忠誠(chéng),忠實(shí),忠貞
favor v. 更喜歡;偏向 n. 恩惠;支持,贊同;in favo(u)r of sth 支持,贊許……
sustain v. 保持,維持 = maintain;遭受,經(jīng)受believe in 信任,信賴(lài)
句子成分分析:本句主干the idea goes……,正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為T(mén)he idea goes (that) the most loyal customers would…… and they'd feel like they were…… believe in.
The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor和they'd feel like they were helping……believe in為and連接的兩個(gè)并列的同位語(yǔ)從句,解釋the idea.
在第一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句中,they favor是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,修飾the product.在第二個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句中,like等同于as if,其后緊跟的內(nèi)容為表語(yǔ)從句。在這個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句中,包含一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句they believe in,修飾something.
表語(yǔ)從句放在連系動(dòng)詞之后,充當(dāng)復(fù)合句中的表語(yǔ)??山颖碚Z(yǔ)從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be,look,seem,sound,appear等。可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的詞有:從屬連詞whether,as,as if / though,連接代詞who,whom,whose以及because,why等。
參考譯文:這種想法是,最忠誠(chéng)的顧客仍然愿意買(mǎi)他們喜歡的產(chǎn)品,他們還會(huì)覺(jué)得自己在幫助維持他們信任的產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量。
例句2:Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms' political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency:Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.
重點(diǎn)詞匯及短語(yǔ):
analysis n.(對(duì)事物/形勢(shì)/問(wèn)題的)分析
rule out 排除,拒絕考慮
influence n. 影響(力),作用 v.統(tǒng)治;控制;
account n. 敘述,報(bào)道;賬戶(hù)
take account (n.)of sth = take sth into accout 考慮到某事
leniency =lenience n. 仁慈,寬大
contribute v. 促成,造成(某事發(fā)生);捐獻(xiàn),捐助
political campaigns政治活動(dòng)
fine n. 罰金,罰款v. 對(duì)……處以罰款
句子成分分析:
本句主干:Their analysis ruled out the possibility……。that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句,同位語(yǔ)從句中的it was…… rather than…… that……為強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu),其中firms' political influence, rather than their CSR stand為強(qiáng)調(diào)部分。
在這個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中,accounted for為真正的謂語(yǔ),the leniency為真正的賓語(yǔ)。冒號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容是對(duì)前面內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。英語(yǔ)中表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)有一個(gè)很重要的句型,那就是“it is (was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that (who)+其他”結(jié)構(gòu)。
強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的連接詞一般為that(可指物,也可指人)或who(指人)。若被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是狀語(yǔ),則只能用that ,而不能用when 或者where,且連接詞都不能省略。
參考譯文:他們的分析排除了讓公司受到寬大處理的原因是其政治影響力而非其企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任立場(chǎng)的這種可能性:對(duì)政治活動(dòng)投入更多的公司并沒(méi)有處以更少的罰金。
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