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WhatIs a Dream?

For centuries,people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Somepsychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no specialmeaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives.In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person’s mind andemotions.

Before modemtimes, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. ____A____(46)

The Austrianpsychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreamsscientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams ( 1900 ),Freud wrote that dreams are an expressions of a person’s wishes. He believedthat dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that theyare afraid to express in real life.

The Swisspsychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freud'' s. Jung, however, had adifferent idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was tocommunicate a message to the dreamer. ____D____(47)For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too highan opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about beingheroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.

Modem-daypsychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example,psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz,believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person’s daily life, thoughts, andbehavior. ____C____(48)

Dornhoffbelieves that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research showsthat children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming isa mental skill that needs time to develop.

He has alsofound a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of menand women are different. ____F____(49)This is not true of women’s dreams. Domhoff found this gender difference in thedreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modem andtraditional ones.

Can dreamshelp us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer thisquestion in different ways. ____B____(50)The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event willactually take place. It’s important to remember that the world of dreams is notthe real world.

A. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.

B. However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn’t panic.

C. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.

D. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.

E. Men and women dream about different things.

F. For example, the people in men’s dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting.

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