職稱英語考試衛(wèi)生類備考指導(dǎo)：假設(shè)句型（一）：

（1）If + Present Tense ……，S + will/shall + V ……

結(jié)構(gòu)：If＋現(xiàn)在式…，S＋未來式…

說明：if 子句用現(xiàn)在式，表示須具備的條件，主句用未來式表示可能的結(jié)果，整句含意為“如果…，那么…”。will 用于所有的人稱，在 I 和 we 之后可用 shall 代替 will.若主句的主詞為 I 或 we 時(shí)，可以用 shall 代替 will.像 if necessary（如果需要），if possible（如果可能），if so（如果這樣）等固定詞組實(shí)際上是省略了的 if 子句。

If I lose my job， I will/shall go abroad. 如果我失業(yè)了，我就出國(guó)。

If I have a headache， I will take an aspirin. 如果我頭痛，我就服一片阿斯匹林。

If it rains， we will stay at home. 如果下雨，我們將待在家里。

If the weather clears， we‘ll go for a walk. 如果天晴，我們就去散步。

If the weather doesn‘t clear， we won’t go for a walk. 如果天不晴，我們就不去散步。

Inflation may be rising， if （it is） so， prices will go up.

通貨膨脹率可能上升。如果是這樣，物價(jià)就會(huì)上漲。

If possible， She wants to go with us. 可能的話，她想跟我們一起去。

Sterling may fall， if （this should be） so， interest rates will rise.

英國(guó)貨幣可能貶值，如果果真如此，利率就會(huì)上升。

（2）If + Present Tense ……， S + Modal Verb ……

結(jié)構(gòu)：If + 現(xiàn)在式，主詞＋情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞

說明：本句型實(shí)為句型之變體。之所以用情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞，主要是因?yàn)檎f話者對(duì)可能的結(jié)果不是太肯定或者是想表達(dá)例如必要的意思。

If it is fine tomorrow， we can go out. 如果明天天氣好，我門可以出門。

If it is fine tomorrow， we could go out. 如果明天天氣好，我門能夠出門。

If it is fine tomorrow， we may go out. 如果明天天氣好，我門可能出門。

If it is fine tomorrow， we might go out. 如果明天天氣好，我門可能出門。

If it is fine tomorrow， we should go out. 如果明天天氣好，我門宜于出門。

If it is fine tomorrow， we ought to go out. 如果明天天氣好，我門宜于出門。

If it is fine tomorrow， we must go out. 如果明天天氣好，我門必須出門。

（3）If only + V-ed

結(jié)構(gòu)：If only＋過去式/過去完成式

說明：此句型意為“要是…就好了。”用過去式，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反；若用，則表示與過去事實(shí)相反。

If only I had a rich father. 要是我有個(gè)有錢的爸爸就好了。

If only he had been here. 要是他當(dāng)時(shí)在這兒就好了。

If only I had another chance. 要是我再有一次機(jī)會(huì)就好了。

（4）If I should ……， Imperative Sentence.

If I had V-ed， I would have ……

結(jié)構(gòu)：If…had＋過去分詞…，主詞＋would/should 等＋have＋過去分詞

說明：這是與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。if 要用，則要用過去式（would，should，ought to，might，could）＋have＋過去。if 中的 had可置于前面，而省略 If.

If I had seen him， I would have told him the truth. 如果我當(dāng)時(shí)看見他，我會(huì)告訴他實(shí)情。

I could have finished the task if I had had more time.

如果當(dāng)時(shí)我能有多一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，我就能完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。

If we had known of your departure， we would have seen you off at the airport.

如果我們事先知道你要離開，我們會(huì)到機(jī)場(chǎng)送行。

I someone had been with him， he might not have been drowned.

如果有人在他旁邊，或許他就不會(huì)溺死。

I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such responses.

若非我已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了這樣的回答，我可能不敢輕易相信。

Had he not apologize to her， she would not have forgiven him.

她（那時(shí)）不會(huì)原諒他，若非他道了歉。

Had he not saved me， I might have been drowned. 我可能溺死了，若非他救了我。

Had I proposed to you， would you have married me？

我要是當(dāng)年向你求婚，你會(huì)答應(yīng)嫁給我嗎？

Had you not helped us， we should have canceled this transaction.

假如沒有你的幫助，這筆生意早就告吹了。

（5）If I had V-ed， I would ……

結(jié)構(gòu)：If…had＋過去分詞…，主詞＋would/should 等＋原形動(dòng)詞＋now/today

說明：這是不一致時(shí)的假設(shè)，亦稱混合假設(shè)條件句。即：if 若與過去事實(shí)相反，用表示；而若與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，則用過去式表示。此類句尾通常有表現(xiàn)在的，如 now，today 等。

If he had worked harder when young， he would be well off now.

如果他年輕時(shí)多努力一點(diǎn)，現(xiàn)在就能過得舒服些。

If I had been rich ten years ago， I could buy that house today.

如果十年前我有錢，今天我就能買下那棟房子了。

Had he told the truth， he wouldn‘t be punished now.如果他當(dāng)時(shí)肯說實(shí)話，現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)受罪了。

Had he followed the doctor‘s advice， he might be alive now.

當(dāng)時(shí)他要是聽了醫(yī)生的建議，現(xiàn)在可能還活著。

（6）…… as if/as though ……

結(jié)構(gòu)：…as if/as though…現(xiàn)在式/過去式/過去完成式

說明：此句型意為“彷佛…；好像…一樣”。as if，as though 是，引導(dǎo)。中，可用現(xiàn)在式，以表示事實(shí)；也可用過去式或醫(yī)學(xué)教育.網(wǎng)編輯整理，分別表示與現(xiàn)在或過去事實(shí)相反的。

He speaks like that as if he doesn‘t want to attend the meeting.他那樣說話，似乎不想?yún)⒓訒?huì)議。

He walks as if he is drunk. 他走起路來好像他真的醉了。

He felt as if he almost wished to kill them. 他感覺彷佛幾乎要?dú)⒌羲麄儭?

The baby opened the book as if he were able to read. 這個(gè)嬰兒打開書本彷佛他會(huì)念書。

The nurse attends on the patient as if he were her father.

這護(hù)士照顧這位病人彷佛在照顧她爸爸似的。

He ran into the room as if he had seen something terrible.

他跑進(jìn)屋子，彷佛他看到什么可怕的東西。

She looks as if nothing had happened to her. 她當(dāng)時(shí)看起來好像什么事都沒發(fā)生似的。